Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to
morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive …

Podocytes are an integral part of the glomerular filtration barrier, a structure that prevents
filtration of large proteins and macromolecules into the urine. Podocyte function is …

Heterozygosity for inverted formin-2 (INF2) mutations causes focal segmental
glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with or without Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A key question is …

Formins are a conserved family of proteins that primarily act to form linear polymers of actin.
Despite their importance to the normal functioning of the cytoskeleton, for a long time, the …

The cytoskeleton mediates fundamental cellular processes by organizing inter-organelle
interactions. Pathogenic variants of inverted formin 2 (INF2) CAAX isoform, an actin …

Background: Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a peculiar and very rare
manifestation in renal pathology. Its underlying pathogenesis mechanism and clinical …

Formins are proteins that catalyze the formation of linear filaments made of actin. INF2, a
formin, is crucial for correct vesicular transport, microtubule stability and mitochondrial …

Background FSGS caused by mutations in INF2 is characterized by a podocytopathy with
mistrafficked nephrin, an essential component of the slit diaphragm. Because INF2 is a …

Synaptopodin (Synpo) is an actin-associated protein in podocyte foot processes. By
generating mice that completely lack Synpo, we previously showed that Synpo is …

Highly specialized cells, such as neurons and podocytes, have arborized morphologies that
serve their specific functions. Actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins are responsible …