Renal dysfunction is one of the strongest predictors of outcome in heart failure. Several
studies have revealed that both reduced perfusion and increased congestion (and central …

Venous congestion has emerged as an important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with
cardiorenal syndrome. However, only limited progress has been made in differentiating this …

Aims Albuminuria is common in patients with heart failure and associated with worse
outcomes. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of albuminuria in heart failure is …

It is well known that the heart and kidney and their synergy is essential for hemodynamic
homeostasis. Since the early XIX century it has been recognized that cardiovascular and …

Peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction is commonly detected in chronic kidney disease
(CKD) such as hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Moreover, PTC …

The cardiorenal syndrome refers to a group of complex, bidirectional pathophysiological
pathways involving dysfunction in both the heart and kidney. Upward of 60% of patients …

Simple Summary Acute kidney injury can result from multiple factors. The main cause is
reduced renal perfusion. Kidneys are susceptible to ischemia due to the anatomy of …

Worsening kidney function (WKF) is common in patients with acute heart failure (AHF)
syndromes. Although WKF has traditionally been associated with worse outcomes on a …

Congestive heart failure produces fluid volume overload, central and renal venous pressure
elevation, and consequently renal congestion, which results in worsening renal function …

Heart failure is frequently accompanied by kidney failure and co-incidence of these organ
failures worsens the mortality in patients with heart failure. Recent clinical observations …