Red and far-red light–sensing phytochromes are widespread in nature, occurring in plants,
algae, fungi, and prokaryotes. Despite at least a billion years of evolution, their photosensory …

Phytochromes are red/far-red reversible photoreceptors essential for plant growth and
development. Phytochrome signaling is mediated by the physiologically active far-red …

Red light penetrates deep into mammalian tissues and has low phototoxicity, but few
optogenetic tools that use red light have been developed. Here we present MagRed, a red …

Phytochromes are photochromic photoreceptors responsible for a myriad of red/far-red light-
dependent processes in plants and microorganisms. Interconversion is initially driven by …

Phytochromes are light sensor proteins found in plants, bacteria, and fungi. They function by
converting a photon absorption event into a conformational signal that propagates from the …

Nature has evolved an astonishingly modular architecture of covalently linked protein
domains with diverse functionalities to enable complex cellular networks that are critical for …

Phytochromes are ubiquitous photosensor proteins, which control the growth, reproduction
and movement in plants, fungi and bacteria. Phytochromes switch between two …

Phytochromes are photoreceptors in plants, fungi, and various microorganisms and cycle
between metastable red light–absorbing (Pr) and far-red light–absorbing (Pfr) states. Their …

In red-light sensing phytochromes, isomerization of the bilin chromophore triggers structural
and dynamic changes across multiple domains, ultimately leading to control of the output …

Phytochromes are dimeric photoreceptor proteins that sense red light levels in plants, fungi,
and bacteria. The proteins are structurally divided into a light-sensing photosensory module …