Nowadays, there is a considerable interest to study the biological and microbiological
changes that accompany orthodontic treatment. Growing knowledge on oral microbiota …

Background Orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and
constitution of subgingival microbiota. However, contradictory findings regarding the effects …

Background This pilot study aimed to investigate how fixed orthodontic appliances
simultaneously applied on the upper and lower arches affect the oral environment in the …

Background The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the
efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a therapeutic protocol for oral …

Biophotonics is defined as the combination of biology and photonics (the physical science of
the light). It is a general term for all techniques that deal with the interaction between …

Orthodontic treatment with fixed devices should only be indicated in case of a stable, non-
active periodontal disease status. Throughout orthodontic treatment, a careful assessment of …

The oral microbiome plays an important role in human health, and an imbalance of the oral
microbiome could lead to oral and systemic diseases. Orthodontic treatment is an effective …

Escherichia coli has developed sophisticated means to sense, respond, and adapt in
stressed environment. It has served as a model organism for studies in molecular genetics …

Background: In the last decades, adult patients require orthodontic treatment as a
therapeutic method in an increasing percentage. This treatment has a lot of benefits, but …

Malocclusion can be corrected by fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. However, the
complex appliance design and the material surface characteristics of the appliance make …