Abstract Polymer or Plastic Optical Fiber sensors (POFs) and Fiber Bragg Grating sensors
(FBGs) have gained increasing popularity in biomedical engineering (BME) applications …

The term “Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT)” refers to a network of intelligent
interconnected underwater devices designed to monitor various underwater activities. The …

In this paper, a terahertz range hybrid structured with square hollow-core PCF-based edible
oil sensor is presented and statistically examined. For the purpose of determining this …

The first-and second-order localized waves for a variable-coefficient coupled Hirota
equation describe the vector optical pulses in inhomogeneous optical fiber and are …

Semiconductors emerged as pivotal agents of technological transformation in the 1940s with
the groundbreaking advent of the transistor. Their profound significance reverberates across …

With the development of optical engineering technologies, traditional experimental courses
that merely demonstrate theoretical phenomena can no longer meet the demands of optical …

Indonesia has a growing number of internet users. This condition led to a promising
business opportunity. It made fixed-broadband service providers prioritize and focus on …

In the design phase of the network remote control system, due to the lack of sorting of
communication data, the performance of the control system is difficult to stabilize at a higher …

This work presents and analyzes a free-space optical (FSO) communication system under
stable laboratory conditions by employing a low-cost (≈ $140) commercial optical …

With the rise of technologies such as the cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things (IoT),
Virtual Reality (VR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is an increasing need for high speed …