The surprising variation in the number of Hox clusters and the genomic architecture within
vertebrate lineages, especially within the ray-finned fish, reflects a history of duplications …

The Hox gene complement of zebrafish, medaka, and fugu differs from that of other
gnathostome vertebrates. These fishes have seven to eight Hox clusters compared to the …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) form an abundant class of non‐coding RNA genes that have an
important function in post‐transcriptional gene regulation and in particular modulate the …

Background Kiwi, comprising five species from the genus Apteryx, are endangered, ground-
dwelling bird species endemic to New Zealand. They are the smallest and only nocturnal …

Kidney excretion of numerous organic anionic drugs and endogenous metabolites is carried
out by a family of multispecific organic anion transporters (OATs). Two closely related …

The study of Hox clusters and genes provides insights into the evolution of genomic
regulation of development. Derived ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) such as …

Background Teleost fish have seven paralogous clusters of Hox genes stemming from two
complete genome duplications early in vertebrate evolution, and an additional genome …

Hox genes in vertebrates are clustered, and the organization of the clusters has been highly
conserved during evolution. The conservation of Hox clusters has been attributed to …

The skin secretion of many amphibians contains an arsenal of bioactive molecules,
including hormone-like peptides (HLPs) acting as defense toxins against predators, and …

The living coelacanth is a lobe-finned fish that represents an early evolutionary departure
from the lineage that led to land vertebrates, and is of extreme interest scientifically. It has …