This essay reviews the discoveries, synthesis, and biological significance of prostaglandins
(PGs) and other eicosanoids in insect biology. It presents the most current–and growing …

Salicylic acid is a plant hormone that can mediate various plant physiological processes.
Salicylic acid can bind to human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interrupt its role in …

Several mosquitoes transmit human pathogens by blood feeding, with the gut being the
main entrance for the pathogens. Thus, the gut epithelium defends the pathogens by …

Xenorhabdus nematophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium, is mutualistic with the
nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterium produces secondary metabolites to …

Various microbiota including beneficial symbionts reside in the insect gut. Infections of
pathogens cause dysregulation of the microflora and threaten insect survival. Reactive …

Xenorhabdus hominickii, an entomopathogenic bacterium, inhibits eicosanoid biosynthesis
of target insects to suppress their immune responses by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) …

Eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating insect immune responses. In vertebrates,
phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) releases arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids (PLs) for …

Abstract Background Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are entomopathogenic bacteria that
cause septicemia and toxemia in insects. They produce secondary metabolites to induce …

Prostaglandins (PGs) mediate various physiological processes in insects and other
invertebrates, but there is very little information on PG receptors. This study identified a PGE …

Spreading behavior of hemocytes (= insect blood cells) is essential for cellular immune
responses against various microbial pathogens. It is activated by prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) …