Malnutrition has historically been researched and addressed within two distinct silos,
focusing either on undernutrition, food insecurity, and micronutrient deficiencies, or on …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects 10–15% of all pregnancies worldwide. IUGR
may result from maternal, placental or fetal origin. Maternal malnutrition before and during …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of the fetus to meet its growth potential
due to a pathological factor, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, FGR is a …

Fetal growth restriction can result from a variety of maternal, fetal, and placental conditions. It
occurs in up to 10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality …

Importance Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is a leading cause of perinatal
morbidity and mortality with no effective prevention or therapy. Maternal suboptimal nutrition …

Lifestyle and genetic background are well known risk factors of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). A third contributing factor is suboptimal fetal development, due to nutrient or oxygen …

The rates of maternal overweight and obesity, but also excess gestational weight gain, are
increasing. Pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational …

Lung development starts in utero and continues during childhood through to adolescence,
reaching its peak in early adulthood. This growth is followed by gradual decline due to …

Objective Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a devastating pregnancy complication that
increases the risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. This study aims to determine the …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), is a complication of
pregnancy where the fetus does not achieve its genetic growth potential. FGR is …