Despite the importance of consumers in structuring communities, and the widespread
assumption that consumption is strongest at low latitudes, empirical tests for global scale …

New Zealand pioneered marine reserves, areas in the sea protected from all direct human
interference. The first reserve was proposed in 1965 and established in 1977. It has …

Decadal-scale observations of marine reserves suggest that indirect effects on taxa that
occur through cascading trophic interactions take longer to develop than direct effects on …

An important principle of environmental science is that changes in single components of
systems are likely to have consequences elsewhere in the same systems. In the sea, food …

Replicated ecological studies in marine reserves and associated unprotected areas are
valuable in examining top-down impacts on communities and the ecosystem-level effects of …

'No-take'marine reserves provide a valuable tool for managing marine resources as well as
for providing relatively undisturbed habitat with which to assess modifications to ecosystems …

'No group of plants or animals on the planet exhibits the range of morphological diversity
seen among the extant crustacea.'this provocative quote from martin and davis (2001) …

Kelp forests, highly diverse cold water communities organized around the primary
productivity and physical structure provided by members of the Laminariales, support a …

Here we review the population, community, and evolutionary consequences of marine
reserves. Responses at each level depend on the tendency of fisheries to target larger body …

Background Range extensions of species raise important questions about the underlying
mechanisms and the effect of the new species on the structure and dynamics of the …