The article focuses on the convergence between the theoretical and empirical
understanding of structural determinants of violent extremism in Pakistan. Given its broad …

Inequality and social exclusion receive considerable contemporary policy attention. In the
field of international development, inequality—both vertical (between individuals and …

Urban housing inequality is a major academic and policy concern in Pakistan, but empirical
investigations and, in turn, evidence-based policy interventions are limited. This study …

Evidence-based policy-making generally applies scientifically rigorous methods to arrive at
location-based decisions for public service facilities. The provision of equal opportunities is …

Pakistan with federation of four provincial administrative boundaries, it is heterogenous
based on ethnicity and class. Income shared by bottom 20% is less than one tenth to top …

Despite the importance of public goods provisioning for poverty reduction, empirical
evidence shows gross under-provision of state resources in developing countries. This …

Rapid urbanisation in developing countries has often resulted in slums with minimal public
goods provision, where the poor rely on clientelist networks to provide for their basic needs …

Forceful resistance to changes in regulations and patronage practices for the use of village
assets, especially crooked land. This was shown, among other things, by the rejection from …

Study Background: The Baloch ethno-nationalist rebels represent a chaotic situation in the
province of Balochistan and elsewhere in the country. They pose significant security …

This chapter explores the responsibility of the state in terms of public goods provisioning and
underscores how the absence of these essential goods and services severely reduces …