Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, are highly plastic and well known to be pre-
activated or 'primed'by active inflammatory processes, resulting in amplified responses to a …

Sepsis is the systemic immune response to severe bacterial infection. The innate immune
recognition of bacterial and viral products is mediated by a family of transmembrane …

Sepsis is one of the major causes of mortality in critically ill patients and develops as a result
of the host response to infection. A complex network of events is set into motion in the body …

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated efficacy in pre-clinical models
of inflammation and tissue injury, including in models of lung injury and infection. Rolling …

M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes, which mediate proinflammatory and antiinflammatory
functions, respectively, represent the extremes of immunoregulatory plasticity in the …

The transcription factor NF-κB is an important regulator of homeostatic growth and
inflammation. Although gene-targeting studies have revealed important roles for NF-κB, they …

Recent studies suggest that exogenously administered CO is beneficial for the resolution of
acute inflammation. In this study, we assessed the role of CO liberated from a systemically …

Lymphatic filarial nematodes are infected with endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria.
Lipopolysaccharide from these bacteria is the major activator of innate inflammatory …

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that is currently used
as a vaccine adjuvant in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of MPLA treatment on …

Background The association of ageing with increased sepsis mortality is well established.
Nonetheless, current investigations on the influence of age on host response aberrations …