Lower limb vascular access (LLVA) should be considered for patients in whom upper
extremity access has been exhausted. The decisional process around vascular access (VA) …

Hemodialysis access failure is a frequent problem encountered by vascular surgeons. As
treatment of end stage renal disease improves and patients live longer on hemodialysis …

Introduction Femoral vein transposition is one of the final resorts for vascular access in
patients with exhaustion of upper limb venous patrimony and central venous occlusive …

Lower extremity dialysis access is a second-or third-line form of permanent vascular access
for a select group of patients. While prosthetic grafts are commonly the first choice in this …

Objective Vascular access is difficult in patients without suitable arm veins and prior graft
infections. The use of femoral vein translocation (FVT) to the upper extremity or contralateral …

Two types of permanent vascular access are available for hemodialysis, the arteriovenous
(AV) fistula and the AV graft. Of these, an AV fistula is preferred for long-term hemodialysis …

The population with end stage renal disease (ESRD) that depends on a long-term
hemodialysis (HD) access is exponentially growing worldwide. The need for a reliable …

Background: It is difficult to find a reliable outflow vein for vascular access in hemodialysis
patients with bilateral central venous obstruction. The lower extremity veins are currently …