Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced, vision-threatening form of age-related
macular degeneration (AMD) affecting approximately five million individuals worldwide. To …

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms and their genetic entities
colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. When in balanced composition, the gut microbiome is in …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment in the
elderly. There are very limited therapeutic options for AMD with the predominant therapies …

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss of those over
the age of 65 in the industrialized world. The prevalence and need to develop effective …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina, are constantly engaged in the
surveillance of their surrounding neural tissue. During embryonic development they infiltrate …

The complement system is a part of the immune system and consists of multiple complement
components with biological functions such as defense against pathogens and …

Retinal degenerative diseases are major causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide and
are characterized by chronic and progressive neuronal loss. One common feature of retinal …

Neuronal energy demands are met by a tightly coupled and adaptive vascular network that
supplies nutrients and oxygen. The retina is one of the highest energy-consuming organs …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed
world. It is a complex multifactorial disease, and despite new advances in treatment, many …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of severe vision loss in the
aged population. The etiology of AMD is multifactorial including nutritional factors, genetic …