System xc‐is an amino acid antiporter that typically mediates the exchange of extracellular l‐
cystine and intracellular l‐glutamate across the cellular plasma membrane. Studied in a …

Mitochondria play a central role in the survival and death of neurons. The detailed
bioenergetic mechanisms by which isolated mitochondria generate ATP, sequester Ca2+ …

Astrocytes in the brain form an intimately associated network with neurons. They respond to
neuronal activity and synaptically released glutamate by raising intracellular calcium …

Astrocytes have a higher antioxidant potential in comparison to neurons. Pathways
associated with this selective advantage include the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant …

Glutamic acid is an amino acid with multiple biological roles. In the animal world, it links the
metabolism of carbon and nitrogen and, depending on the need, serves either as a source …

Glutamatergic gliotransmission provides a stimulatory input to excitatory synapses in the
hippocampal dentate gyrus. Here, we show that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) critically …

GLUTAMATE uptake into nerve and glial cells usually functions to keep the extracellular
glutamate concentration low in the central nervous system1. But one component of …

Although being a physiologically important excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate plays a
pivotal role in various neurological disorders including ischemic neurological diseases. Its …

Primary dissociated neuronal cultures have been intensively exploited for the past 15 years
as model systems to investigate excitotoxic neuronal degeneration. Even this simplified …

Tetanus toxin (100 nM) when preincubated with guinea pig cerebrocortical synaptosomes
for 45 min reduces the final extent of the KCl-evoked, Ca (2+)-dependent, glutamate …