The free radical oxidants such as reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and
reactive sulfur species are produced inside cells through various metabolic processes. The …

Despite growing literature characterizing the fecal microbiome and its association with
health and disease, few studies have analyzed the microbiome of the small intestine. Here …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a neglected,
debilitating multi-systemic disease without diagnostic marker or therapy. Despite evidence …

More than 10,000 preterm infants have participated in randomised controlled trials on
probiotics worldwide, suggesting that probiotics in general could reduce rates of necrotising …

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate
amounts, confer a health benefit upon the host. At present, probiotics are gaining popularity …

Commensal microbes colonize the gut epithelia of virtually all animals and provide several
benefits to their hosts. Changes in commensal populations can lead to dysbiosis, which is …

It has been over seventeen years since the scientific definition of probiotics was crafted,
along with guidelines ensuring the appropriate use of the term. This definition is now used …

Two enantiomers of lactic acid exist. While L‐lactic acid is a common compound of human
metabolism, D‐lactic acid is produced by some strains of microorganism or by some less …

Probiotic bacteria have been used as a health-promoting factor for a very long time.
Nowadays, products containing probiotic bacteria are becoming more and more popular on …

Probiotics are amply studied and applied dietary supplements of greater consumer
acceptance. Nevertheless, the emerging evidence on probiotics-mediated potential risks …