Simple Summary Higher plants face a variety of stress conditions. There are a number of
different antioxidant enzymes that help plants to cope with these stresses. During stresses …

Simple Summary Environmental conditions are subject to unprecedented changes due to
recent progressive anthropogenic activities on our planet. Plants, as the frontline of food …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were initially recognized as toxic by-products of aerobic
metabolism. In recent years, it has become apparent that ROS plays an important signaling …

Plants have to counteract unavoidable stress-caused anomalies such as oxidative stress to
sustain their lives and serve heterotrophic organisms including humans. Among major …

Heavy metal contamination of the environment through anthropogenic activities and/or
natural processes is a widespread and serious problem. Heavy metals occur in various …

Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
plants which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to proteins, lipids …

Salt stress is an ever-present threat to crop yields, especially in countries with irrigated
agriculture. Efforts to improve salt tolerance in crop plants are vital for sustainable crop …

Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of crop production in estuarine and
coastal zones. Improvement in salt tolerance of major food crops is an important way for the …

The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant
defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in …

Salinity is one of the devastating abiotic stresses that cause reductions in agricultural
production. The increased salinization affects alfalfa growth, metabolism, and rhizobium …