The archaeology of East Africa during the last~ 65,000 years plays a central role in debates
about the origins and dispersal of modern humans, Homo sapiens. Despite the historical …

Two different prehistoric manufacturing pathways are identified in the manufacture of ostrich
eggshell beads in the South African Later Stone Age. In Pathway 1, blanks are drilled prior …

Ostrich eggshell beads (OES) are commonly found in forager sites across sub-Saharan
Africa. Although they have received a reasonable amount of investigation, the drilling …

The Mlambalasi rockshelter in the Iringa Region of southern Tanzania has rich artifactual
deposits spanning the Later Stone Age (LSA), Iron Age, and historic periods. Middle Stone …

Ostrich eggshell and gastropod shell beads provide important evidence for understanding
how past peoples decorated and cultured their bodies and may also be used as proxy …

Shell disc beads are important archeological indicators of social communication and
exchange networks. There has been substantial research on ostrich eggshell (OES) beads …

This paper focuses on a specific class of locally made artifacts known in the archaeological
literature of the eastern African coast as bead grinders. Bead grinders are discarded …

Jakkalsberg N and Jakkalsberg L, located on the bank of the Orange River in the area of
South Africa known as the Richtersveld, date to the mid-and late mid-Holocene, respectively …

The manufacturing of ostrich eggshell (OES) beads during Africa's Middle and Later Stone
Age followed two production strategies referred to as pathways. Both include the selection of …

Archaeological ostrich eggshell (OES) bead assemblages often comprise a variety of
colours. However, it is unclear if the range of colours seen in OES beads were caused …