The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased awareness about sex-specific differences
in immunity and outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong evidence of a male bias …

The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more
robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune …

Background The incidence of persistent clinical symptoms and risk factors in Post-Acute
Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in diverse US cohorts is unclear. While there are a …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most
due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 …

Autoimmune diseases disproportionately affect females more than males. The XX sex
chromosome complement is strongly associated with susceptibility to autoimmunity. Xist …

Sex-based disparities in immune responses are well known phenomena. The two most
important factors accounting for the sex-bias in immunity are genetics and sex hormones …

To successfully mitigate the extraordinary devastation caused by the Coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it is crucial to identify important risk factors for this disease. One …

Risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) shows considerable heterogeneity
both in generally healthy persons and in those with known ASCVD. The foundation of …

Objective: To examine whether childhood traumatic stress increased the risk of developing
autoimmune diseases as an adult. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 15,357 adult …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, non-scarring dermatologic condition regularly
distinguished by patches of hair loss on the scalp also manifesting in other, severe forms …