[PDF][PDF] A comprehensive survey of small language models in the era of large language models: Techniques, enhancements, applications, collaboration with llms, and …

F Wang, Z Zhang, X Zhang, Z Wu, T Mo, Q Lu… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - ai.radensa.ru
Large language models (LLM) have demonstrated emergent abilities in text generation,
question answering, and reasoning, facilitating various tasks and domains. Despite their …

Multilevel interpretability of artificial neural networks: leveraging framework and methods from neuroscience

Z He, J Achterberg, K Collins, K Nejad… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2024 - arxiv.org
As deep learning systems are scaled up to many billions of parameters, relating their
internal structure to external behaviors becomes very challenging. Although daunting, this …

Benchmarking Large Language Models via Random Variables

Z Hong, H Wu, S Dong, J Dong, Y Xiao… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2025 - arxiv.org
With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs) in mathematical
reasoning, evaluating their performance in this domain has become a prominent research …