The single largest risk factor for etiology of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's
disease is increased age. Therefore, understanding the changes that occur as a result of …

Neuroinflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism in the brain. However,
excessive and chronic inflammatory responses can lead to deleterious effects involving …

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in
Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruptions in the physiologic maintenance of the redox potential …

Microglia are the most abundant immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), where
they interact with neurons and exhibit a wide array of functions in physiological and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized
neuropathologically by loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, intracellular …

Autophagy is an important cellular self-digestion and recycling pathway that helps in
maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation at various steps of the autophagic and …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are currently incurable diseases that cause progressive
degeneration of nerve cells. Many of the disease-causing proteins of NDs are “undruggable” …

Neurodegeneration is the pathological condition, in which the nervous system or neuron
loses its structure, function, or both, leading to progressive degeneration or the death of …

There is growing evidence that patients with Type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of
developing Parkinson's disease and share similar dysregulated pathways suggesting …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. It is
characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of …