Xenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely
through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications. We suggest …

The macrophage checkpoint is an anti-phagocytic interaction between signal regulatory
protein alpha (SIRPα) on a macrophage and CD47 on all types of cells–ranging from blood …

Background Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment following
surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade and Chimeric …

Non-invasive phototherapy includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy
(PTT), and has garnered special interest in anti-tumor therapy. However, traditional …

Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal
model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens …

Transgenic CD47 overexpression is an encouraging approach to ameliorating xenograft
rejection and alloresponses to pluripotent stem cells, and the efficacy correlates with the …

Within the last decade there have been several severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)
pig models discovered or genetically engineered. The animals have mutations in ARTEMIS …

The humanization of animals is a powerful tool for the exploration of human disease
pathogenesis in biomedical research, as well as for the development of therapeutic …

Foreign particles and microbes are rapidly cleared by macrophages in vivo, although many
key aspects of uptake mechanisms remain unclear.“Self” cells express CD47 which …

Abstract Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) occupies the outer membrane of human cells,
where it binds to soluble and cell surface receptors on the same and other cells, sculpting …