Vegetation indices (VIs), which describe remotely sensed vegetation properties such as
photosynthetic activity and canopy structure, are widely used to study vegetation dynamics …

Evapotranspiration (ET)—the distribution and partitioning of which is strongly mediated by
vegetation—is central to the water, energy and carbon cycles. In this Review, we examine …

Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is
increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, and perpetuating …

Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Extreme heat, drought and moisture excess are increasingly co-occurring within a single
growing season, impacting crop yields in global breadbasket regions. In this Review, we …

China is currently the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2). China therefore has a
key role in global climate change mitigation. Policies and commitments are required to …

The ongoing phenological changes in vegetation on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau could
modify land surface and atmospheric processes. In this Review, we summarize these …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

Abstract China has 6.6 million km2 of drylands that support approximately 580 million
people. These drylands are at risk of desertification. In this Review, the changes observed in …

Urban environments, regarded as “harbingers” of future global change, may exert positive or
negative impacts on urban vegetation growth. Because of limited ground-based …