Members of the GroEL/HSP60 protein family have been studied for many years because of
their critical roles as ATP-dependent molecular chaperones, so it might come as a surprise …

In general, iron represents a double-edged sword in metabolism in most tissues, especially
in the brain. Although the high metabolic demands of brain cells require iron as a redox …

Oxidative stress is a common denominator in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases.
Therefore, antioxidants are often used to protect cells and tissues and reverse oxidative …

Oral dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) administration to replenish neuronal dopamine
remains the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, unlike the …

The complement system plays a central role in immune defense against Streptococcus
pneumoniae. In order to evade complement attack, pneumococci have evolved a number of …

Iron is a crucial cofactor for several physiological functions in the brain including transport of
oxygen, DNA synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, synthesis of myelin, and neurotransmitter …

Multifunctional proteins provide a new mechanism to expand exponentially cell information
and capability beyond that indicated by conventional gene analyses. As such, examination …

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), which requires iron for survival, acquires this
element by synthesizing iron-binding molecules known as siderophores and by recruiting a …

Abstract Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a moonlighting protein
exhibiting distinct activities apart from its classical role in glycolysis. Regulation of its …

Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of neural crest cells. It develops most frequently in
nerve cells around the adrenal gland, although other locations are possible …