Posterior circulation ischaemia is a clinicopathological condition with complex
symptomatology associated with an infarction within the vertebrobasilar arterial system …

Vertebral artery hypoplasia is not currently considered an independent risk factor for stroke.
Emerging evidence suggest that vertebral artery hypoplasia may contribute to posterior …

Background and Purpose—Vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) is supposed to be a risk factor
for posterior circulation ischemia (PCI), particularly in the territory of the posterior inferior …

The definition and clinical significance of vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) remain
inconclusive. VAH has been proposed as a predisposing factor of posterior circulation …

Introduction Vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH), which has been found in about 10% of
normal individuals, does not produce symptoms but may be associated with an increased …

Vertebral artery dominance (VAD), which is a common congenital variation of vertebral
artery, may be associated with an increased risk of cerebral posterior circulation infarction …

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine variations of the foramen transversarium
and the vertebral artery in computed tomography angiographies (CTa) of the cervical spine …

Objective: To test the hypotheses that vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) is associated with
an increased risk of ipsilateral spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD) and that …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the inter-and intraexaminer reliability of
determining the prevalence of vertebral artery hypoplasia on magnetic resonance imaging …

Simple Summary Malformations of the cervicothoracic junction have been described in
modern horses as well as in skeletons from museums. In the present study, we examined …