Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various human diseases as
well as to the aging process. Mitochondria, as the center of cellular metabolism and major …

Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and
the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial …

High doses of molybdenum (Mo) and cadmium (Cd) cause adverse reactions on animals,
but the joint toxic effects of Mo and Cd on duck renal tubular epithelial cells are not fully …

Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family,
has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical …

Liver fibrosis is a pathological wound-healing response caused by chronic liver damage due
to a virus, autoimmune disorder, or drugs. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an essential …

Oxidative stress aggravates mitochondrial injuries and accelerates the proliferation of
vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are important mechanisms contributing to …

Chronic liver diseases are clinically silent and responsible for significant morbidity and
mortality worldwide. β-Sitosterol (BSS), major phytosterol in plants, has a wide spectrum of …

Background: Endotoxin-induced acute inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, mediated by
excessive production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines remain the leading cause of …

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid derived from oxygen-containing non-vitamin A sources and is
mainly obtained from marine organisms. Studies have demonstrated that astaxanthin is a …

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), frequently generated by cyanobacteria, has been demonstrated to
raise the likelihood of liver disease. Few previous studies have explored the potential …