Background: Many individuals failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan
Africa never initiate second-line ART or do so after significant delay. For people on ART with …

Background Treatment failure and delay in switching to second line regimen are major
concerns in the treatment of HIV infected children in a resource limited setting. The aim of …

Objectives In low–middle-income countries, increasing levels of HIV drug resistance
(HIVDR) on second-line protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens are a cause for concern …

Abstract Introduction In South Africa, HIV patients with an elevated viral load (VL) should
receive repeat VL testing after adherence counselling. We set out to use a national HIV …

Introduction Routine viral load (VL) testing among persons living with Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) enables earlier detection of sub-optimal antiretroviral …

Background Treatment failure among the population on second line antiretroviral therapy is
a major public health threat. In Ethiopia there has been limited research done on second …

Purpose: As countries work toward 90: 90: 90 targets, early identification of patients with
inadequate response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for achieving optimal HIV …

Background Progress toward the global target for 95% virological suppression among those
on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is still suboptimal. We describe the viral load (VL) cascade …

Background Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV have been shown to have
lower rates of viral load testing and viral suppression as compared to older adults. We …

South African guidelines recommend repeat viral load testing within 6 months when human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads exceed 1,000 copies/mL. We assessed whether …