Agrobacterium strains transfer a single-strand form of T-DNA (T-strands) and Virulence (Vir)
effector proteins to plant cells. Following transfer, T-strands likely form complexes with Vir …

Agrobacterium tumefaciens and related Agrobacterium species have been known as plant
pathogens since the beginning of the 20th century. However, only in the past two decades …

In genetically modified plants, the introduced transgenes are sometimes not expressed.
They can be silenced. Transgenes can also cause the silencing of endogenous plant genes …

Desirable new phenotypes created by the introduction of foreign DNA into plants are
frequently unstable following propagation, leading to a loss of the newly acquired traits. This …

Tobacco plants were transformed with constructs in which the transgene was a cDNA of
replicating potato virus X (PVX) RNA. The constructs, referred to here as amplicons, were …

Genetic transformation of plants has become a widely used technology that serves multiple
purposes in plant biology research. However, considerable variation of transgene …

Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are operationally defined as DNA elements that bind
specifically to the nuclear matrix in vitro. It is possible, although unproven, that they also …

Pairing of homologous chromosomes is an essential feature of meiosis, acting to promote
high levels of recombination and to ensure segregation of homologs. However, homologous …

We have previously shown that yeast scaffold attachment regions (SARs) flanking a chimeric
beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene increased per-copy expression levels by 24-fold in …

Basic and applied research involving transgenic plants often requires consistent high‐level
expression of transgenes. However, high inter‐transformant variability of transgene …