Assessment of vascular size and of its phasic changes by ultrasound is important for the
management of many clinical conditions. For example, a dilated and stiff inferior vena cava …

The inferior vena cava (IVC) is the largest vein in the body. It returns deoxygenated blood to
the heart from the tissues placed under the diaphragm. The size and dynamics of the IVC …

Ultrasound (US)-based measurements of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter are widely
used to estimate right atrial pressure (RAP) in a variety of clinical settings. However, the …

Objectives Inferior vena cava (IVC) pulsatility quantified by the Caval Index (CI) is
characterized by poor reliability, also due to the irregular magnitude of spontaneous …

Ultrasound (US) scans of inferior vena cava (IVC) are widely adopted by healthcare
providers to assess patients' volume status. Unfortunately, this technique is extremely …

The pulsatility of the inferior vena cava (IVC) reflects the volume status of patients. It can be
investigated by ultrasounds (US), offering an important non-invasive tool supporting fluid …

Assessment of volume status is important to correctly plan the treatment of patients admitted
and managed by cardiology, emergency and internal medicine departments. Non-invasive …

Background: Right atrial pressure (RAP) can be estimated by echocardiography from inferior
vena cava diameter and collapsibility (eRAPIVC), tricuspid E/e′ ratio (eRAP E/e′), or …

Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality,
which leads to a substantial loss of exercise capacity. PH ultimately leads to right ventricular …

The non-invasive estimation of right atrial pressure (RAP) would be a key advancement in
several clinical scenarios, in which the knowledge of central venous filling pressure is vital …