Wnt signaling has multiple functions beyond the transcriptional effects of β-catenin
stabilization. We review recent investigations that uncover new cell physiological effects …

Simple Summary PI3K signaling pathway plays an essential role in many cellular processes
and is frequently altered in breast cancer, leading to increased tumor growth and reduced …

Osseointegration of implants is a complex physiological process that requires temporal and
spatial regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis. To achieve …

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway that is involved in cell
development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. Among these …

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes
and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway …

Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phospholipids derived from phosphatidylinositol. PIs are
regulated via reversible phosphorylation, which is directed by the opposing actions of PI …

The cell contains various organelles that perform different functions using different biological
processes to form a complete organic architecture. Healthy cells and tumor cells often show …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most violent class of tumor and accounts for 20–
24% of total breast carcinoma, in which frequently rare mutation occurs in high frequency …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes that coordinate
early immune responses and maintain tissue homeostasis. Type 1 innate immune …

Mutations in many visual cycle enzymes in photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE) cells can lead to the chronic accumulation of toxic retinoid byproducts, which poison …