Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

The brain is complex and dynamic. The spatial scales of interest to the neurobiologist range
from individual synapses (∼ 1 μm) to neural circuits (centimeters); the timescales range from …

Genetically-encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) facilitate imaging activity of genetically
defined neuronal populations in vivo. The high intracellular GECI concentrations required for …

Shortly after John Eccles completed his studies of synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord, for
which he was awarded the 1963 Nobel Prize in physiology/medicine, he opened another …

Fluorescent calcium indicator proteins, such as GCaMP3, allow imaging of activity in
genetically defined neuronal populations. GCaMP3 can be expressed using various gene …

Genetically encoded sensor proteins provide unique opportunities to advance the
understanding of complex cellular interactions in physiologically relevant contexts; however …

Studies using functional cellular imaging of living flies have identified six memory traces that
form in the olfactory nervous system after conditioning with odors. These traces occur in …

The genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP2 shows promise for neural network
activity imaging, but is currently limited by low signal-to-noise ratio. We describe x-ray crystal …

The appeal of in vivo cellular imaging to any neuroscientist is not hard to understand: it is
almost impossible to isolate individual neurons while keeping them and their complex …

In a departure from previous top-down or bottom-up strategies used to understand neuronal
circuits, many forward-looking research programs now place the circuit itself at their centre …