Insect crop pests threaten global food security. This threat is amplified through the spread of
nonnative species and through adaptation of native pests to control measures. Adaptations …

Replacing synthetic insecticides with transgenic crops for pest management has been
economically and environmentally beneficial, but these benefits erode as pests evolve …

The old-world bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a
destructive pest of chickpeas that has proven difficult to control using conventional methods …

Aedes aegypti is one of the world's most dangerous mosquitoes, and a vector of diseases
such as dengue fever, chikungunya virus, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease. Currently, a …

The polyphagous caterpillar, Spodoptera frugiperda, has been controlled with either
chemical insecticides or transgenic plants such as Bt maize that expresses the cry and/or vip …

The expression of Cry proteins in genetically modified rice varieties safeguards the crop
from lepidopteran pests. These proteins have the potential to be transferred through the food …

Developmental changes in target-pest susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins
matter to resistance management in Bt crops, especially in certain refuge modalities. We …

Western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is
a serious insect pest in the major corn growing areas of North America and in parts of …

摘要晶体蛋白(crystal protein, Cry) 毒素是苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)
分泌的主要杀虫蛋白, 其中Cry4Ba 和Cry11Aa 对埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti) …

The chickpea pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an
important pest of many legume crops, including chickpea, Cicer arietinum L.(Fabaceae). We …