The tumor stroma is no longer seen solely as physical support for mutated epithelial cells but
as an important modulator and even a driver of tumorigenicity. Within the tumor stromal …

Abstract p16 Ink4a is a protein involved in regulation of the cell cycle. Currently, p16 Ink4a is
considered a tumor suppressor protein because of its physiological role and downregulated …

The therapeutic options for patients with noninvasive or invasive breast cancer are complex
and varied. These NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Breast Cancer include …

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast represents a heterogeneous group of
neoplastic lesions in the breast ducts. The goal for management of DCIS is to prevent the …

A vast range of disorders—from indolent to fast-growing lesions—are labelled as cancer.
Therefore, we believe that several changes should be made to the approach to cancer …

Overdiagnosis, and thus overtreatment, are inevitable consequences of most screening
programmes; identification of ways of minimising the impact of overdiagnosis demands new …

Background For women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, the risk of
developing an ipsilateral breast event (IBE; defined as local recurrence of DCIS or invasive …

Abstract Purpose: The G1–S checkpoint of the cell cycle is frequently dysregulated in breast
cancer. Palbociclib (PD0332991) is an oral inhibitor of CDK4/6. Based upon …

Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities
that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes …

Purpose To determine the 12-year risk of developing an ipsilateral breast event (IBE) for
women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast treated with surgical excision …