Solid tumors are complex organ-like structures that consist not only of tumor cells but also of
vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal, and immune cells. Often, this tumor …

Among cells present in the tumor microenvironment, activated fibroblasts termed cancer-
associated fibroblasts (CAFs), play a critical role in the complex process of tumor-stroma …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of many different cell populations, such as
cancer-associated fibroblasts and various infiltrating immune cells, and non-cell …

Fibroblasts have exceptional phenotypic plasticity and capability to secrete vast amount of
soluble factors, extracellular matrix components and extracellular vesicles. While in …

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in determining the
biological behavior of several of the more aggressive malignancies. Among the various cell …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are amongst the most aggressive,
complex, and heterogeneous malignancies. The standard of care treatments for HNC …

Immune cells, as a consequence of their plasticity, can acquire altered phenotype/functions
within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Some of these aberrant functions include …

Simple Summary Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that
can restrict cancer onset but also promote cancer progression at late stages of cancer. The …

The effectiveness of current chemotherapies for cancer is gradually progressing; however
achieving a complete cure through chemotherapy is still difficult and has been the main goal …

There is strong evidence supporting the role of the plasminogen activator system in head
and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly of its uPA (urokinase …