The accumulation of an excessive amount of body fat can cause type 2 diabetes, and the
risk of type 2 diabetes increases linearly with an increase in body mass index. Accordingly …

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here
the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have …

The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and its application to the treatment of human disease
in the years since have marked a major turning point in the history of medicine. The …

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino
acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through …

BACKGROUND Data from studies conducted in rodent models have shown that decreased
adipose tissue (AT) oxygenation is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin …

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-
nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not …

Abstract Purpose of Review Elevations in circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAAs)
have gained attention as potential contributors to the development of insulin resistance and …

Background Skeletal muscle atrophy is a severe condition that involves loss of muscle mass
and quality. Drug intake can also cause muscle atrophy. Biguanide metformin is the first‐line …

Mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or both have been implicated in
insulin resistance. However, disentangling the individual roles of these processes in insulin …

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), considered a hallmark of diabetes at the cellular level, is
implicated in pre-diabetes, results in type 2 diabetes, and negatively affects mitochondrial …