Multiple vaccines have recently been developed, and almost all the countries are presently
vaccinating their population to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the COVID-19 …

Vaccines represent one of the most successful public health initiatives worldwide. However,
despite the vast number of highly effective vaccines, some infectious diseases still do not …

The development of more effective, accessible, and easy to administer COVID-19 vaccines
next to the currently marketed mRNA, viral vector, and whole inactivated virus vaccines is …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are bi‐layered nanostructures derived from Gram‐
negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Among other pathophysiological roles, BMVs are …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanoparticles released from bacteria. OMVs
were originally classified into native 'nOMVs'(produced naturally from budding of bacteria) …

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are one of the major causative agents of
diarrhoea induced childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Licensed …

Camelid-derived, single-domain antibodies (VHHs) have proven to be extremely powerful
tools in defining the antigenic landscape of immunologically heterogeneous surface …

Background Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with
high clonal heterogeneity due to somatic mutations. Poly neoepitope vaccines can inhibit …

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized spheroidal particles shed by gram-
negative bacteria that contain biomolecules derived from the periplasmic space, the …

Lyme disease affects several hundred thousand people worldwide annually, yet there is no
registered vaccine for the disease available for human use. The disease is caused by …