The energy community's analyses of international politics often rely on geopolitics, which
prioritizes state competition for resources and thus may offer limited explanatory power …

The debate on unintended consequences of sanctions, such as their adverse effects on
human rights, public health, or the economy beyond intended sectors in the target state, has …

Why do states trade with their enemies during war? States make deliberate choices when
setting their wartime commercial policies, and tailoring policies to match the type of war the …

The development of renewable energy is often treated as a purely positive outcome for the
world, without consideration of the challenges that come with implementation at scale, which …

I contend that a state's position in the global trade network affects the initiation and outcome
of sanction threats. A state is vulnerable, and thus more likely to acquiesce, when its trade …

The vast majority of the extant literature on trade and conflict focuses on bilateral trade to
determine whether commerce has a pacifying effect upon pairs of states. We argue that this …

Escalating political conflict between major trade partners such as the US and China appears
puzzling given theories linking trade to pacific international relations. We reconsider theories …

This article attempts to answer the question of why major powers engage in more active
foreign policy behaviors than minor powers. It does so by comparing two explanations for …

The First World War is often cited as proof par excellence of the flaws in the liberal peace
argument because the adversaries it engaged had been each other's major pre-war trading …

The commercial peace theory maintains that trade fosters peace because trade makes
conflict more costly. However, focusing on dyadic trade or overall trade integration, previous …