Roads, railways and rail transit lines play major roles in transporting passengers and freight.
In the design process for such transportation infrastructures, the alignment determination …

Abstract 3D mesh subdivision is essential for geometry modeling of complex surfaces, which
benefits many important applications in the fields of multimedia such as computer animation …

The design and planning of railway alignments is the dominant task in railway construction.
However, it is difficult to achieve self‐learning and learning from human experience with …

Abstract Analysis of the vulnerability of rail transport systems has received considerable
attention in the literature over several decades. Since economic development is usually …

Railway design is complex and closely linked to environmental concerns. To solve this
problem, a two-stage method considering three categories of environmental factors …

Railway alignment optimization should consider multiple environmental factors. Especially
considering the changing climate, low-carbon design is crucial in alignment development …

Mountain railway alignment design is an important but complex civil engineering problem.
To overcome the drastically undulating terrain, long tunnels and high bridges are major …

Determinations of alignments and station locations are major tasks in railway design, which
jointly and fundamentally influence the construction and operation of the whole project …

Mountain railway alignment optimization has always been a challenge for designers and
researchers in this field. It is extremely difficult for existing methods that optimize alignments …

Mountain railway alignment optimization is known as a very complex engineering problem
that should consider many factors, such as drastically undulating terrain, geological hazard …