Approximately one third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This bacterium has an unusual lipid-rich …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second most common cause of death due to a single
infectious agent. The cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent …

The covalent modification of bacterial (lipo) polysaccharides with discrete substituents may
impact their biosynthesis, export and/or biological activity. Whether mycobacteria use a …

ABSTRACT Acid-fast (AF) staining, also known as Ziehl-Neelsen stain microscopic
detection, developed over a century ago, is even today the most widely used diagnostic …

Lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) are mycobacterial glycolipids containing a
long mannose polymer. While they are implicated in immune modulations, the significance …

Many antibiotics target the assembly of cell wall peptidoglycan, an essential,
heteropolymeric mesh that encases most bacteria. In rod-shaped bacteria, cell wall …

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a glycolipid that is covalently attached to proteins as a
post-translational modification. Such modification leads to the anchoring of the protein to the …

Phosphatidyl-inositol mannosides (PIM) are glycolipids unique to mycobacteria and other
related bacteria that stimulate host immune responses and are implicated in mycobacteria …

Protected from host immune attack and antibiotic penetration by their unique cell envelope,
mycobacterial pathogens cause devastating human diseases such as tuberculosis …

Actinobacteria is a group of diverse bacteria. Most species in this class of bacteria are
filamentous aerobes found in soil, including the genus Streptomyces perhaps best known for …