Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and
coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of …

Until recently, the data on the diversity of the entire microbial community from the Baltic Sea
were relatively rare and very scarce. However, modern molecular methods have provided …

Coastal ecosystems are affected by a multitude of anthropogenic stressors. As the Baltic Sea
ecosystems rank among the most altered marine ecosystems worldwide, they represent …

Abstract The Baltic Sea is a severely disturbed marine ecosystem previously used as a
dumping ground for chemical warfare agents (CWA), which are now known to enter its food …

High alkalinity values observed in coastal seas promote the uptake of CO2 from the
atmosphere. However, the alkalinity budget of coastal areas and marginal seas is poorly …

The terms 'Nordic countries' or 'The Nordics' include the five countries Denmark, Finland,
Island, Norway, and Sweden. This review includes evaluation of the Nordic countries …

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can be a significant source of dissolved nutrients,
inorganic and organic carbon, and trace metals in the ocean and therefore can be a driver …

The Baltic Sea is a coastal sea with the world's largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic
bottom area. Although hypoxia has periodically occurred during the sea's 8,000-year history …

Dissolved oxygen is essential for all marine life, especially for benthic organisms that live on
the seafloor and are unable to escape if oxygen concentrations fall below critical thresholds …

Abstract The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water environments on earth and is
characterised by pronounced physicochemical gradients and seasonal dynamics. Although …