Background Intranasal (IN) medication delivery is a viable alternative to other routes of
administration, including intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. The IN route …

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with rapid onset of action and short duration of effect. In
healthy neonates the half‐life (t1/2) and the clearance (Cl) are 3.3‐fold longer and 3.7‐fold …

Intranasal delivery has been shown to noninvasively deliver drugs from the nose to the brain
in minutes along the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, bypassing the blood− brain …

Aims To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of midazolam
administered as a concentrated intranasal spray, compared with intravenous midazolam, in …

The cyclodextrin solubilization of three benzodiazepines, ie alprazolam, midazolam and
triazolam, was investigated. The cyclodextrin solubilization was enhanced through ring …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of intranasal
lorazepam in comparison to currently established administration routes. Eleven healthy …

The connection between the nasal cavity and the CNS by the olfactory neurones has been
investigated extensively during the last decades with regard to its feasibility to serve as a …

Antiepileptic drugs are commonly given orally for chronic treatment of epilepsy. The
treatment of epilepsy requires administration of medications for both acute and chronic …

Acute isolated seizure, repetitive or recurrent seizures, and status epilepticus are all deemed
medical emergencies. Mortality and worse neurologic outcome are directly associated with …

Diazepam rectal gel (Diastat®) is the only FDA-approved product indicated for acute
repetitive seizures. Despite its proven efficacy, most older children and adults object to this …