Systemic arterial hypertension (referred to as hypertension herein) is a major risk factor of
mortality worldwide, and its importance is further emphasized in the context of the novel …

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.
Studies in experimental animal models of diabetes strongly implicate oxidant species as a …

Insulin resistance is characteristic of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and components of the
cardiometabolic syndrome, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, that collectively …

For patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the leading cause of mortality is
cardiovascular disease. One of the main novel risk factors is oxidative stress, which occurs …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a carboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin II
and other peptides. In the kidney, ACE2 localization within the glomerulus and tubules is cell …

Exercise mediates an excessive free radical production leading to oxidative stress (OS). The
body has natural antioxidant systems that help decrease OS, and these systems may be …

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) a pandemic, and the reality of the situation has finally caught up to the …

The recent emergence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic has
prompted scientists to address an urgent need for defining mechanisms of disease …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is located in several tissues and is highly
expressed in renal proximal tubules, where it degrades the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II …

Loss of redox homeostasis and formation of excessive free radicals play an important role in
the pathogenesis of kidney disease and hypertension. Free radicals such as reactive …