(Macro) autophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …

The function and survival of all organisms is dependent on the dynamic control of energy
metabolism, when energy demand is matched to energy supply. The AMP-activated protein …

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a phylogenetically conserved fuel-sensing enzyme
that is present in all mammalian cells. During exercise, it is activated in skeletal muscle in …

Cardiac remodelling is classified as physiological (in response to growth, exercise and
pregnancy) or pathological (in response to inflammation, ischaemia, ischaemia/reperfusion …

All living organisms depend on dynamic mechanisms that repeatedly reassess the status of
amassed energy, in order to adapt energy supply to demand. The AMP-activated protein …

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle
remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of …

Recent advances in our understanding of both the regulation of components of the
translational machinery and the upstream signalling pathways that modulate them have …

Autophagy has evolved as a conserving process that uses bulk degradation and recycling of
cytoplasmic components, such as long-lived proteins and organelles. In the heart …

Low oxygen gradients (hypoxia and anoxia) are important determinants of pathological
conditions under which the tissue blood supply is deficient or defective, such as in solid …

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a key regulator of energy
metabolism in the heart. The high energy demands of the heart are primarily met by the …