Low-energy cosmic rays (up to the GeV energy domain) play a crucial role in the physics
and chemistry of the densest phase of the interstellar medium. Unlike interstellar ionising …

A detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the heliospheric
interaction with the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) are provided …

ABSTRACT Since 2012 August Voyager 1 has been observing the local interstellar energy
spectra of Galactic cosmic-ray nuclei down to 3 MeV nuc− 1 and electrons down to 2.7 MeV …

The interaction of the interstellar and solar winds is complex, as revealed by differences in
intensities and anisotropies of low-energy ions (> 0.5 MeV per nucleon) originating inside …

On 25 August 2012, Voyager 1 was at 122 astronomical units when the steady intensity of
low-energy ions it had observed for the previous 6 years suddenly dropped for a third time …

The Galactic center excess (GCE) remains one of the most intriguing discoveries from the
Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations. We revisit the characteristics of the GCE by …

Composition and spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are vital for studies of high-energy
processes in a variety of environments and on different scales, for interpretation of γ-ray and …

Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock of the supersonic flow of the solar wind on 16
December 2004 at a distance of 94.01 astronomical units from the Sun, becoming the first …

Spacecraft have explored the interplanetary medium between the orbits of Mercury and
Pluto, revealing the exotic and beautiful nature of the environment of our planet and sun …

Local interstellar spectra (LIS) for protons, helium, and antiprotons are built using the most
recent experimental results combined with state-of-the-art models for propagation in the …