European Union (EU) legislation is increasingly embracing the energy efficiency first (EE1st)
principle. This principle seeks to prioritise energy efficiency measures whenever these …

Decarbonizing the EU's district heating is crucial for meeting climate goals and securing a
sustainable energy future. Currently, district heating suffers from inefficiency, high operating …

This study investigates the cost balance between heat energy savings through building
envelope retrofits and supply from low-carbon decentralised and centralised technologies in …

This paper takes a novel modelling approach by considering high spatial resolution heat
generation potentials for district heating and integrating them into a European energy …

By 2030, the European Union must reduce emissions from the heating and cooling of
buildings-responsible for 13 percent of EU emissions-by the equivalent of the annual …

District heating will play an important role in the transition towards climate-neutral heating.
Various studies on modelling the energy system show that district heating and the related …

Independent hierarchical estimations for the branched and aggregated streams of district
heating loads often conflict with each other, leading to significant uncertainties in the daily …

Kyrgyzstan's high-altitude rural housing sector consumes 3–5 times more energy than
European buildings due to ageing infrastructure, lack of insulation, and reliance on non …

Carbon reduction during the operational phase of buildings is a critical component in
achieving global carbon neutrality objectives. Current methods for estimating carbon dioxide …

The 4th generation of district heating systems will play a major role in the sustainable
decarbonization of energy systems by utilizing low-temperature technologies and resources …