Energy management strategies and optimal power source sizing for fuel cell/battery/super
capacitor hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are critical for power splitting and cost-effective …

A reliable energy optimization strategy incorporating vehicle connectivity is of great
importance for the performance enhancement of fuel cell electric vehicles. In this paper, a …

Regenerative braking is a key technology for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to improve fuel
economy, and it is a multi-objective control problem, which should ensure vehicle braking …

This paper uses dynamic programming to deal with the sizing optimization problem for
battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems in electric vehicles to minimize the …

Abstract Service complementarity between a frequency containment reserve and PV self-
consumption can increase incomes for household-prosumers. Moreover …

Hybridizing a lead–acid battery energy storage system (ESS) with supercapacitors is a
promising solution to cope with the increased battery degradation in standalone microgrids …

To ensure the safe and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries in battery energy storage
systems (BESS), the power/current is de-rated to prevent the battery from going outside the …

The electrification trend is spreading not only in the field of traditional vehicles but also in the
racing one, with challenging power and range demands. As an example, the next …

Battery equalization is a critical technology in energy storage systems, so that each storage
cell has equal state. In the application of electric vehicle, equalization circuits and algorithms …

This paper presents that the fractional order Kalman filter (FOKF) method is used to estimate
the state of charge (SOC) for lithium-ion battery based on the fractional order model. First, a …