This is the first of five articles on the properties of different randomization procedures used in
clinical trials. This paper presents definitions and discussions of the statistical properties of …

A comprehensive review of methods for allocation of treatments to patients in clinical trials is
presented. Attention is restricted to controlled, prospective trials, as opposed to comparisons …

Artificial intelligence literacy is a concept that has been the focus of exhaustive research
recently. However, there are very few psychometrically sound and thoroughly evaluated …

Problems involving causal inference have dogged at the heels of statistics since its earliest
days. Correlation does not imply causation, and yet causal conclusions drawn from a …

Causal effects are comparisons among values that would have been observed under all
possible assignments of treatments to experimental units. In an experiment, one assignment …

The modern theory of Sequential Analysis came into existence simultaneously in the United
States and Great Britain in response to demands for more efficient sampling inspection …

Subjects arrive sequentially at an experimental site and must be assigned immediately to
treatment or control groups. In order to avoid biasing the results of the experiment it is …

Why study the theory of experiment design? Although it can be useful to know about special
designs for specific purposes, experience suggests that a particular design can rarely be …

Praise for the First Edition of Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials" An excellent book,
providing a discussion of the clinical trial process from designing the study through …

In a sequential medical trial, a simple randomized treatment assignment rule is proposed
and analyzed. On the average this rule assigns more patients to the better treatment, and it …