Melasma is a common acquired condition of symmetric hyperpigmentation, typically
occurring on the face, with higher prevalence in females and darker skin types. Multiple …

Melasma is a chronic acquired hypermelanosis of the skin, characterized by irregular brown
macules symmetrically distributed on sun-exposed areas of the body, particularly on the …

Be prepared to diagnose and manage any condition you encounter in your practice! This
bestselling reference gives you direct access to a complete range of full-color clinical …

Aspergillus flavus is saprophytic soil fungus that infects and contaminates preharvest and
postharvest seed crops with the carcinogenic secondary metabolite aflatoxin. The fungus is …

Melanogenesis is the process for the production of melanin, which is the primary cause of
human skin pigmentation. Skin‑whitening agents are commercially available for those who …

Several methods of treatment are available to patients with melasma. First-line therapy
usually consists of topical compounds that affect the pigment production pathway, broad …

This article reviews the use of Kojic Acid (KA) as a skin-lightening ingredient in the
cosmetics industry. In 1907, Saito discovered KA, a natural product; it has since become one …

Written by experienced and internationally renowned contributors, this is the fourth edition of
what has become the standard reference for cosmetic scientists and dermatologists seeking …

Melasma is a commonly acquired hypermelanosis that affects sun-exposed areas of the
skin, with frequent facial involvement. Its histologic manifestations are evident in the …

Melasma is a common skin pigmentation condition. Given therapeutic difficulty as one of the
biggest concerns, understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of melasma becomes …