More than any other cytokine family, the 11 members of the IL-1 family are associated with
innate immune responses, which occur in acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine
kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R …

Macrophages are specialized cells that control tissue homeostasis. They include non-
resident and tissue-resident macrophage populations which are characterized by the …

Abstract Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), also known as FMS kinase, is a type
I single transmembrane protein mainly expressed in myeloid cells, such as monocytes …

Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family and plays an ambivalent role in
autoimmune diseases. IL-33 signals via the ST2 receptor and drives cytokine production in …

IL-34 is a novel cytokine that was identified in 2008 in a comprehensive proteomic analysis
as a tissue-specific ligand of CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R). IL-34 exists in all vertebrates …

Anti-interleukin (IL) therapies have emerged as a major treatment for patients with moderate-
to-severe psoriasis. This article reviews the up-to-date results of pivotal clinical trials …

IL‐38 belongs to the IL‐36 cytokines, which in turn are part of the IL‐1 family. The first
biological function of IL‐38 described was blocking the activation of the IL‐36R signaling …

Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered IL-1 family cytokine, is expressed in several tissues
and secreted by various cells. IL-38 has recently been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory …

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a heterogeneous and inflammatory disease with diverse clinical
manifestations, including psoriasis, nail psoriasis, peripheral joint disease, axial joint …