Aging triggers a wide range of cellular and molecular aberrations in the body, giving rise to
inflammation and associated diseases. In particular, aging is associated with persistent low …

Acute heart failure (AHF) represents a common clinical scenario that requires prompt
evaluation and therapy and that is characterized by a high risk of mortality or subsequent …

In the last years, major progress has occurred in heart failure (HF) management. The 2023
ESC focused update of the 2021 HF guidelines introduced new key recommendations …

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Aims We hypothesized that the current gold standard for risk stratification of patients with
acute heart failure (AHF), the Multiple Estimation of risk based on the Emergency …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders which have a tight correlation
with dysbiosis of gut microbiota (GM) that have to be treated to avoid higher risks for health …

Robust epidemiologic evidence supports IL-6 as a central mediator of cardiovascular risk
along with human genetic studies and mechanistic experiments. Ongoing clinical studies …

Inflammation is relevant in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure (HF). Previous
studies have shown that elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) are associated …

Heart failure (HF) poses a significant world health challenge due to the increase in the aging
population and advancements in cardiac care. In the pathophysiology of HF, the …

Digoxin is commonly used to treat acute heart failure (AHF), especially in patients with
concurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). Nonetheless, there is little consensus about in which …