The innate immune system is the only defence weapon of invertebrates and a fundamental
defence mechanism of fish. The innate system also plays an instructive role in the acquired …

The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the
occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management …

Receptors that recognize conserved pathogen molecules are the first line of cellular innate
immunity defense. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best understood of the innate immune …

The complete sequences of Takifugu Toll-like receptor (TLR) loci and gene predictions from
many draft genomes enable comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis. Strong …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the conserved molecular structure of
pathogens and trigger the signaling pathways that activate immune cells in response to …

The innate system's recognition of non-self and danger signals is mediated by a limited
number of germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen …

The production of fish larvae is often hampered by high mortality rates, and it is believed that
most of this economic loss due to infectious diseases is ca. 10% in Western European …

The zebrafish genomic sequence database was analysed for the presence of genes
encoding members of the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and interleukin receptors (IL-R) and …

The innate immune system constitutes an efficient defense against invading microbial
pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) eventually alert vertebrates about the presence of …

It has long been established that lower vertebrates, most notably fish and amphibians, are
resistant to the toxic effect of LPS. Furthermore, the lack of a TLR4 ortholog in some fish …